Papillomas are lesions of the skin and mucous membranes caused by the human papillomavirus.
Causative agent - viruses of the genus Papilloma viruses. At present, more than 60 variants are known of them, 32 recognized as causes of disease.
Routes of transmission - contact (via skin microtrauma), genital, perinatal (during childbirth).
Papilloma manifestations
- Skin papillomas (warts).
Most often observed on the hands, less often on other parts of the body. Localized lesions are common in children and adolescents. In immunocompromised patients, wart lesions may become widespread. The incubation period is 1-6 months. The maximum viral load in the affected tissue was recorded 6 months after infection. - vulgar papilloma (simple).
The causative agent is the human papillomavirus (HPV). This shape is manifested by hard lumps with a rough surface of 1 mm in diameter or more, with a tendency to stick together. Vulgar papilloma often occupies a large area. They can appear anywhere, but more often they are located on the back of the palms and fingers, in children - on the knees. A single papilloma can be present for several months or even years, practically unchanged, but a fast spreading process is also possible. There are several cases of isolated papilloma degeneration into tumors. Immunodeficiency status contributes to the spread of the process. - Plantar papilloma.
The causative agents are HPV-1 (deep form), HPV-2 (mosaic warts) and HPV-4 (minor lesions). The process begins with the appearance of small shiny bumps, acquiring characteristic papilloma characteristics, surrounded by a protruding edge. Sometimes, around one papilloma, multiple child formations appear, resembling bubbles - mosaic warts.
Plantar papillomas can be painful and make walking difficult. Their duration of existence varies. In some cases, especially in children, papillomas can disappear spontaneously. This form of the disease is often mistaken for calluses that appear in places of pressure on the fingers or between the fingers. Corns, unlike papillomas, have a smooth surface with a skin pattern. - Flat papilloma.
The causative agent is HPV-3 and HPV-10. They are represented by smooth bumps of normal skin color (light yellow or slightly colored). The shape can be round or polygonal. The appearance of flat papilloma, especially in children, is usually accompanied by itching, inflammation of the affected area, redness, pain. - Filiform papillomas.
They are found in 50% of the population over 50 years more often in the armpits, in the groin, on the neck, around the eyes. The process begins with the appearance of a small yellowish or slightly colored cone, then enlarges and turns into a dense elastic formation extending up to 5-6 mm in size. In places that may be traumatized, papillomas can become inflamed. Their spontaneous disappearance did not occur. - Localized epithelial hyperplasia (Beck disease).
The causative agent was the human papillomavirus 13 and 32. The disease was first described in the American Indians. It is observed on the mucous membranes of the mouth, tongue, lips in the form of small fusion of papillary eminences. - Genital warts.
The causative agent of genital warts is the human papilloma virus with low (6, 11), moderate (31, 33, 35) and high (16, 18) oncological risk. The virus is sexually transmitted. The incubation period lasts from several weeks to months. In some cases, the lesions are minimal, often unknown. Infected cells are susceptible to malignant degeneration. In most cases, a long and extensive process accompanies the immunodeficiency state.
Cervical cancer is most often diagnosed in women with genital warts. In most cases, regardless of the patient's age, the viral genome is detected by DNA hybridization. The causative agent is HPV-18. - Juvenile papillomatosis of the larynx.
The causative agents are HPV-6 and HPV-11. They are rarely listed. In most cases, papillomatosis is detected in children under 5 years of age infected in the mother's birth canal. The appearance of characteristic growths on the vocal cords is observed, causing speech difficulties and impaired air circulation in the upper respiratory tract.
Papilloma treatment
The same symptom could be a sign of different diseases, and the disease may not progress according to the textbook. Don't try to heal yourself - consult your doctor.
Currently, there is no unified international standard for the treatment of papilloma. Official treatment guidelines so far include
- cytostatics (antineoplastic drugs),
- laser cryo,
- electro demolition.
But not always effective and accompanied by relapses.
Other treatments for papilloma:
- For (simple) skin and vulgar papillomas - surgical removal (cryodestruction, laser removal combined with immune correction).
- For plantar - cryodestruction, laser and / or diathermocoagulation.
- Mosaic papillomas are the most difficult to treat. When resolved, especially in children, signs of inflammation were observed.
- For flat forms - cryotherapy with immune correction.
- For filiform - diathermocoagulation.
- For localized epithelial hyperplasia, cryotherapy with immune correction.
- In case of wart skin dysplasia, cryotherapy or diathermocoagulation with subsequent correction of immunity.
- For genital warts - removal of warts with cryotherapy, laser excision or diathermocoagulation and mandatory correction of the immune system.
Treatment of genital papilloma can be difficult with other genital infections (chlamydia, bacterial vaginosis, herpes, CMV infection, etc. ). In this case, the treatment is carried out in parallel.